To start making this workshop would be very interesting to talk a little about what we believe is the contemporary world.
We are facing a multi-scenario in which the various characters , places and objects not fully defined but their boundaries are fuzzy. At this point we are assuming that in earlier times the world could be defined with less complex categories. The change to which we refer is the result of the various dynamics that have helped transform the world by proposing a scenario of globalized trade from: technological development focused on telecommunications, multiplication lifestyle through market strategies , the questioning of historical metanarratives both universal and national, etc.
In this same line of thought can be said that the realities social constructed from different elements that no longer respond to the logic of a particular territory or that are part of a limited concept of culture, where practices can no longer be designed / defined / understood from notions of tradition or the only acestralidad, nor respond to distinctions between high and / or low culture. Nor can we forget that the concept of "culture" also includes the existence of a field of characteristic indeterminacy of human life that can not be reduced to the social and / or economic individuals (Willis).
This global picture is related to the field cultural studies, as one focus of interest is the study of the production of meaning in everyday life, which is permeated by these various processes related to the contemporary world. Similarly, doing ethnography as Willis puts it when explaining the concept "TIME", "most Basically, We Are Interested in Recording and Presenting the 'nitty-gritty' of everyday life, of how 'the meat is cut close' to the bone 'in ordinary cultural practice "(398).
is pertinent to note the two ways to develop ethnographic work proposed by Marcus on "Ethnography in / of the World System: The pop of Multi-sited Ethnography. "From his characterization of the ways of doing ethnography we can recognize that the first mode, he calls the" traditional "and" common "(96), helps us understand the pertinecia "multi-sited ethnography" in the current scope.
The traditional model is characterized by a type of approach that seeks to combine two elements: the work of direct observation and performed "on site" on the one hand, and development of "world" context "of ethnography through other methods, such as work files and adaptation of macrotheory for analysis (96).
The second mode, multi-sited ethnography "considers that it is possible to conceive the process of observing and theorizing as separate tasks, ethnography from this perspective" research and build the worlds ethnographically various subjects at life, it also builds ethnographic aspects of the system itself, through connections and associations that appear in the locations suggested "(p. 112 English version in altering No. 11).
This transition from an earlier era de hacer la etnografía hasta el contexto que llamamos “contemporaneo” también implica reconocer una transformación relacionada con la emergencia de nuevas visiones intelectuales surgidas en la academia después de la segunda guerra mundial. Marcus señala que estas “Sucessor views of the world system in the 1980s” se deben a varios cambios político-económicos que inspiraron nuevas tendencias intelectuales, como por ejemplo el rechazo del trabajo realizado en una conceptualización cerrada de los procesos macro-sociales (98). En esta transición, explica Marcus, “A firm sense of a world system framework was replaced by various accounts of dissolution and fragmentation, as well as new processes—captured in concepts like post-Fordism, time-space compression, flexible specialization, the end of Organized Capitalism, and Most recently, globalization and transnationalism "(98). In other words, for ethnographers who sought to explore cultural dynamics located, they found it more difficult to locate work from the perspective of the "world system," and that this perspective had fragmented, blurring the distinction between system and lifeworld "(98) . Therefore, the ethnographer should seek alternative systems to develop their work in the contemporary world.
Within this angle, the ethnographic exercise must take into account this new global landscape and allow the recognition and inclusion of different perspectives of reality from a perspective that includes the multi-vocal and multi-local, accounting practices not only and particular cultural logic, connections and associations between different social realities, but rather try to propose novel explanations about the system / systems in which these practices are inscribed. Hence the renewed interest in the production of social histories, ethnographies microgeographical regional and contributing to increasing local and debate from the grand narratives explanatory of the macro.
In conclusion, as Marcus notes, an ethnographic work in the contemporary world, by the very nature of its subject, can not follow a given methodology. In contrast, the ethnographer needs to develop a strategy ("design of research") that, despite acknowledging macroteoréticos and narrative concepts of "world system" can not be based / supported entirely on them to build the contextual architecture that approaches its subject (Marcus 96).
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